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Feed-Forward Equalizer (FFE)

Feed-Forward Equalizer (FFE)

Netlist Syntax

The feed-forward equalizer can be used for transient analysis of a communication channel. The implementation is similar to the QuickEye/VerifEye equalization. An instance of a feed-forward equalizer has the netlist syntax:

Axxx in1 in2 out1 out2 UI=val FFE_TAPS=Number_of_Taps
NORMALIZE_FFE=1|0 COMPONENT=tx_deemphasis
FFE_LOCS=[Tap1_Loc Tap2_Loc ...]
FFE_WEIGHTS=[Tap1_Weight Tap2_Weight ...]

in1 and out1 are the single-ended input and output. in2 and out2 are the differential input and output. For single-ended transmission, the differential nodes may be grounded. The entry COMPONENT=tx_deemphasis is required.

**Feed-Forward Equalizer Instance Parameters**
Parameter	Description	Units	Default
UI	Duration of unit interval	Second	None
FFE_TAPS	Number of FFE taps	None	0
FFE_LOCS	Positive or negative offsets from the tap at location 0. There must always be a tap at location 0 itself. Negative locations become precursor taps, positive locations become postcursors.	None	None
FFE_WEIGHTS	FFE weights for the taps with settings in FFE_LOCS	None	None
NORMALIZE_FFE	1=Normalize, 0=No normalization	None	1

Example Netlists

AFFE1 bits 0 post_eq 0 ui=2e-9 ffe_taps=3
+ ffe_locs=[0 1 2] // All taps are postcursors
+ ffe_weights=[1.25 -0.2 -0.05]
+ normalize_ffe=1 component=tx_deemphasis

AFFE2 bitsplus bitsminus post_eq_plus post_eq_minus ui=2e-9
+ ffe_taps=5 normalize_ffe=1 component=tx_deemphasis
+ ffe_locs=[-2 -1 0 1 2] // Taps 1 and 2 are precursors
+ ffe_weights=[.04 -.17 1.25 -0.2 -0.05]

Notes

1. A FFE tap has a number, a location, and a weight.

2. The tap numbers are consecutive, starting with Tap1. The highest tap number is given by FFE_TAPS.

3. A tap location is the positive or negative offset of that tap from location 0. The tap with location 0 is applied at the time of the current bit in the data stream. There must always be a tap at location 0. Taps with positive locations (including location 0) become postcursor taps. Taps with negative locations become precursors.

4. The tap weights are the deemphasis factors used in the equalization.

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